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This chapter extends the analysis of oil and wine presses as indicators of capital investment in agricultural crop processing to three areas with large-scale production facilities: Gaul, Iberia, and the Black Sea. The analysis of sites with multiple presses, as an indicator of investment in very large-scale production, reveals different investment chronologies in the three areas, and in Gaul, a different investment pattern between wine and oil. The chronology of multiple-press installations in the three regions shows that a peak in the second century, and in all regions the decline in the fourth century is steep. The cumulative known installation dates for the press facilities indicates that the peak in investment in the creation of multi-presses occurred in the first two centuries of the empire; in both Spain and the Black Sea region, this is paralleled by the development and peak of the fish-salting industry.
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