From Cause and Effect to Effectual Causes: Can we talk of a philosophical background to psycho-social studies?

Abstract

Introduction The contemporary dawning of a realization of another, more complex truth to the understanding of human cognition did not emerge ‘out of the blue’, so to speak, but had its roots in an alternative line of philosophical thought which had, until recently, been situated on the fringes of debate and discussion. This article aims to trace the development of this philosophical alternative from its roots in the seventeenth century Dutch philosopher, Baruch Spinoza, to the contemporary emergence of what I call the ‘psycho-social attitude’, the adoption of which, in my opinion, is necessary to the successful practice of psycho-social research.

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