Los problemas de medición del "Efecto Distrito"

Abstract

Following the introduction, which deals with the stages leading to the permeation of the industrial district concept in the field of economic studies are reviewed. paying special attention to the Italian debate, the main results of the first econometric analysis are considered. Said analysis was carried out on Italian industrial districts by Banca de Italia researchers. The work concentrates on the identification and measurement of the advantages that a district socio-productive organisation is able to guarantee, both in terms of capital productivity ad labour used by the companies in terms of product competitiveness on an international scale.\nThe results obtained by this research on both fronts confirm the presence of a positive «district effect». This effect was first suggested in Italy and, after a vast amount of field research other countries followed suit. After careful study of of the accounting results obtained by sampling a wide range of SME manufacturers they showed that the profitability of the capital invested is systematically higher, in companies belonging to an industrial district. The ROI is around two percent higher and the ROE even as much as four percent higher.\nOther important observations confirm the presence of marked social mobility, a decisive factor in the reproduction of said systems. Access to an occupation occurs at a lower age. and with a high ratio of training compared to practical proctive know-how\nThe bibliography on districts has advanced thanks to this work as a whole which, on one hand, allows us to go into greater thematic depth into this kind of analysis and on the other contributes to the analysis of the evolution of district reality and of the peculiar touch it adds to the Italian development model.

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