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The Challenges faced by Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Obtaining Credit in Ghana.

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Banking stability, regulation, efficiency Microfinance and Financial Inclusion Working Capital and Financial Performance

Abstract

This study, The Challenges faced by Small and Medium Enterprises in Obtaining Credit in Ghana, was undertaken to highlight the issues facing SMEs in Ghana in their quest to accessing bank credit (loans) from financial institutions (banks & non– banks) to undertake various activities; be it general business operations or carrying out expansion project all in the name of fulfilling the objectives as being job creators and helping to reduce poverty. In tackling this topic, the quantitative approach was adopted. Questionnaires were circulated to 80 SMEs in the Accra and Tema metropolis selected through a technique of convenience sampling. Based on the responses received through these questionnaires, the following major findings came to the fore. There are institutions such as bank and non-bank financial institutions that are willing to provide funds to SMEs but Ghanaian SMEs are not able to meet the requirements of these financial institutions. Chief among these requirements is the issue of collateral, which most SMEs cannot provide. Aside this is the other issue of small equity base of these SMEs among others. Secondly, those who are able to access this credit are also faced with high interest rates and short repayment periods making it very difficult to embark on any developmental or expansion projects. Another interesting revelation with regards to the high rate of defaults in repayment of loans contracted, relates to the tight Cash flow situations of these SMEs that is mostly due to difficulties in the management of the account receivables of the respective SMEs surveyed. The study concludes with some recommendations to help free up capital or credit to the SME sector. Among the recommendations are encouraging financial institutions (banks & non-banks) to establish factoring services, enforcement of the credit reporting act and finally provision of tax incentives for banks that lend to SMEs to encourage others to do same.

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References

1963Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective.1993Finance, entrepreneurship and growth 1970Financial Structure and Development.1986The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets 1966Financial Development and Economic Growth in Underdeveloped Countries 2001Financial bootstrapping in small businesses 2000Access to Capital and Terms of Credit: A Comparison of Men- and Women- Owned Small Businesses 1989Entrepreneurship: Starting, Developing, and Managing a New Enterprise

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