Teacher Efficacy: Influence of Principal Leadership Behavior.

Kristine A. Hipp

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School Leadership and Teacher Performance Teacher Education and Leadership Studies Educational Leadership and Practices

Abstract

This paper presents findings of a study that explored the relationships among principals' leadership and teacher efficacy in Wisconsin middle schools involved in building-level change efforts. An adaptation of Bandura's social cognitive learning theory of self-efficacy (A. Woolfolk and W. Hoy 1993) the theoretical framework. Phase 1 of the research surveyed 10 principals and 280 teachers from 10 middle schools. Principals and teachers completed The Nature of Leadership Survey (Leithwood 1993) and teachers completed an adapted version of S. Gibson and M. Dembo's Teacher Efficacy Scale (1984). Data for phase 2 were collected through interviews with the 10 principals and 34 teachers. The data indicate that three of Leithwood's transformational leadership behaviors--modeling behavior, inspiring group purpose, and providing contingent rewards--were significantly related to general teaching efficacy. Models behaviors and provided contingent rewards were significantly related to personal teaching efficacy. Qualitative data confirmed these r2sults and suggested eight additional leadership that reinforce and sustain teacher efficacy. In addition, a significant difference was found between general teaching efficacy and personal teaching efficacy. An implication is that if a strong sense of efficacy motivates teachers to higher levels of competence and success, then an increased focus on this teachc!r attribute is critical. (Contains 38 references.) (Author/LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** Teacher Efficacy: Influence of Principal Leadership Behavior Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association New York City, New York

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References

1977Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.1976School Teacher: A Sociological Study.1984Teacher efficacy: A construct validation.1988Teacher efficacy, self-concept, and attitudes toward the implementation of instructional innovation 1993Teachers' Sense of Efficacy and the Organizational Health of Schools 1989Change in teacher efficacy and student self- and task-related beliefs in mathematics during the transition to junior high school.1976Analysis of the School Preferred Reading Program in Selected Los Angeles Minority Schools.1977Federal Programs Supporting Educational Change, Vol. VII: Factors Affecting Implementation and Continuation.

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