Materiales para una teoría de las identidades sociales

Abstract

Although the basic rules of an identity theory can be found in filigree in the classics, their recent reactivation coincides, in the theoretical field, with the reevaluation of the “agency” (“return of the subject”), and in the political field, with the proliferation of social movements and the reaffirmation of ethnic particularities facing globalization and the crisis of the national-State. This theory is unequally elaborated in the different social sciences, but generally revolves around the idea of a qualitative, socially situated distinctivity, founded on three basic criteria: a network of social belonging (role identity or belonging), a system of distinctive attributes (“characteriological” identity), and the narrative of an unexchangeable biography (“intimate identity” or biographic identity), or colective memory. Thus conceived, identity not only has a descriptive character, but an explicit one too, and reveals its heuristic virtues as it contributes to revitalizing the different fields of study, among which are the ones that refer to border problems and international migrations.

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