The Measurement of Perceived Freedom in Leisure

Gary D. Ellis · Peter A. Witt

68 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Leisure Research

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Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Flow Experience in Various Fields

Abstract

This paper describes the development, reliability, and validity of five scales designed to measure perceived freedom in leisure. The scales are based on attribution theory and the concepts of flow, arousal theory, and playfulness. Scales appear to have acceptable levels of both alpha and test-retest reliability. Initial indications of validity based on interscale correlations, factor structure, and correlation with other variables are also acceptable. The value of the scales for assessment and basic research on the state of mind view of leisure are discussed.

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References

1966Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.1975Beyond boredom and anxiety 1957Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: 1955 1975Intrinsic Motivation 1968Modern Factor Analysis.1895American Journal of Sociology 1975Achievement Motivation and Attribution Theory.1980The Social Psychology of Leisure and Recreation

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