Eyewitness testimony of children in target-present and target-absent lineups.

Janat Fraser Parker · Lourdes E. Carranza

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Deception detection and forensic psychology Memory Processes and Influences Jury Decision Making Processes

Abstract

The effects of age of witness and age of suspect on eyewitness testimony were investigated. Forty-eight elementary school children and 48 college students viewed a slide sequence of a mock crime. This was followed by target-present or target-absent photo identification with a no-choice option, central and peripheral questions related to the crime, and a second photo identification. In photo identification, child witnesses had a higher rate of choosing than adult witnesses, suggesting that children have more lax criteria of responding. The accuracy data showed similar levels of sensitivity across ages although there was a trend toward reduced accuracy of child witnesses in target-absent lineups. All witnesses made more total choices and more correct rejections with child-suspect lineups than adult-suspect lineups. Central questions were answered better than peripheral questions by both age groups, but adults made significantly more “don't know” choices.

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References

1981Eyewitness identification: Lineup instructions and the absence of the offender.1984Evaluating witness evidence 1986Eyewitness identification: The importance of lineup models.1987Suggestibility and the Child Witness 1979Guidelines for empirically assessing the fairness of a lineup.1987Child Sexual and Physical Abuse: Children’s Testimony 1981Effective size and defendant bias in eyewitness identification lineups.1980Effect of choosing an incorrect photograph on a later identification by an eyewitness.

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2016The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context 1995Eyewitness identification of children: Effects of absolute judgments, nonverbal response options, and event encoding.2001Forced-choice: Are forensic interviewers asking the right questions?2008The wildcard: A simple technique for improving children's target‐absent lineup performance

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