No open-access location is known for this record yet.
No open-access location is known for this record yet.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987), two behavioral criteria must be met to diagnose a child as electively mute: first, a continuous refusal to talk in almost all social situations, including school; and second, the ability to speak and comprehend spoken language. Children meeting these criteria may communicate through alternative means such as gestures or sounds.
Loading…
Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 31 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.