NEUTRON TOMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF INCISIONS ON PREHISTORIC STONE SLABS: A CASE STUDY FROM WONDERWERK CAVE, SOUTH AFRICA*

Frikkie de Beer · Robert Nshimirimana · Liora Kolska Horwitz · Michael Chazan

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Nuclear Physics and Applications Archaeology and Rock Art Studies

Abstract

This study presents the application of neutron tomography to the analysis of ironstone slabs found in a late Earlier Stone Age context (Fauresmith industry) at the back of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. These slabs have markings on the surface that might be anthropogenic, and thus significant to understanding the emergence of human symbolic behaviour. Neutron tomography proved to be an effective tool for distinguishing surface incisions from lines that are the expression of internal fissures in the rock.

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References

2009Engraved ochres from the Middle Stone Age levels at Blombos Cave, South Africa 2011A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa 2000A New Look at the Berekhat Ram Figurine: Implications for the Origins of Symbolism 2009New radiometric ages for the Fauresmith industry from Kathu Pan, southern Africa: Implications for the Earlier to Middle Stone Age transition 2010The pigments from Pinnacle Point Cave 13B, Western Cape, South Africa 2006On a timescale for the past million years of human history in central South Africa 2008Radiometric dating of the Earlier Stone Age sequence in Excavation I at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa: preliminary results 2011A Chronological Perspective on the Acheulian and Its Transition to the Middle Stone Age in Southern Africa: The Question of the Fauresmith

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