Spatial Analysis of Mass Grave Mapping Data to Assist in the Reassociation of Disarticulated and Commingled Human Remains

Abstract

Mass graves can be complex because the disarticulation of skeletal elements is a regular occurrence. This chapter reports on a study that used a computer program to analyze three-dimensional spatial data derived from total station documentation of 15 points per body that were recorded on remains to assist with reassociation. The hypothesis is that a disarticulated body part located closest to the point on a body missing that part is more likely the correct match out of all other possible matches within the grave. The program ranks the possible matches from closest to farthest away. Out of 32 disarticulated body parts, the spatial analysis correctly ranked 28 (88%) as closest out of the possibilities (verified through DNA testing). Of the four remaining reassociations, two (6%) were ranked second closest, and two were ranked third and fourth closest (3% each). The results of this study indicate that spatial analysis can contribute to the potential reassociation of disarticulated body parts, particularly during the triage stage of mortuary examination. A refined set of points to record during excavation is recommended as a result of the study.

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