Articlegreen2012

An affective dimension within oppositional defiant disorder symptoms among boys: personality and psychopathology outcomes into early adulthood

123 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Personality Disorders and Psychopathology

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A dimension of negatively oriented affect within oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, which has been described as irritability, has been shown to predict depression and anxiety. Related constructs have been linked to temperament and personality constructs. However, only a few studies have examined the prediction from irritability within ODD to psychopathology or personality outcomes. Further, no studies have investigated whether irritability distinguishes among classes of youth. METHODS: Data from a clinic-referred sample of 7-12-year-old boys followed up to age 18 were used. Measures included structured clinical interviews with parents through adolescence, and youth self-report of depression and personality domains at age 18. RESULTS: Variable-oriented analyses found predictive links between irritability and outcomes of depression, anxiety, and Neuroticism. Latent classes of youth were distinguished by the presence or absence of irritability symptoms. Youth classified by irritability symptoms at baseline were significantly more likely to show anxiety and depression through adolescence and depression and Neuroticism at 18. No relationship was observed for the other of the Big Five personality factors. CONCLUSION: Irritability symptoms within ODD distinguish youth at risk for persisting problems with internalizing disorders and Neuroticism into adulthood. The findings are suggestive of a model in which the early emergence of irritability marks life-course risks for specific types of psychopathology and personality problems.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1978A Diagnostic Interview 1984Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states.1991Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications.2009Latent Class and Latent Transition Analysis 2009Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders as Predictors of Young Adult Disorders 2005Latent Gold 4.0 User's Guide 2010Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: Implications for treatment and prevention.

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2014Oppositional Defiant Disorder Is Better Conceptualized as a Disorder of Emotional Regulation 2015An empirically based alternative to DSM-5's disruptive mood dysregulation disorder for ICD-11 2014Defense Mechanisms and Implicit Emotion Regulation 2013Developmental Continuity of Oppositional Defiant Disorder Subdimensions at Ages 8, 10, and 13 Years and Their Distinct Psychiatric Outcomes at Age 16 Years 2015Depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence

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