Using aggregate geographic data to proxy individual socioeconomic status: does size matter?

M J Soobader · Felicia B. LeClere · Wilbur C. Hadden · B Maury

188 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Public Health

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Health disparities and outcomes Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies Public Health and Social Inequalities

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed whether aggregate-level measures of socioeconomic status (SES) are less biased as proxies for individual-level measures if the unit of geographic aggregation is small in size and population. METHODS: National Health Interview Survey and census data were used to replicate analyses that identified the degree to which aggregate proxies of individual SES bias interpretations of the effects of SES on health. RESULTS: Ordinary least squares regressions on self-perceived health showed that the coefficients for income and education measured at the tract and block group levels were larger than those at the individual level but smaller than those estimated by Geronimus et al. at the zip code level. CONCLUSIONS: Researchers should be cautious about use of proxy measurement of individual SES even if proxies are calculated from small geographic units.

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References

1997Measuring Social Class in US Public Health Research: Concepts, Methodologies, and Guidelines 1992Overcoming the absence of socioeconomic data in medical records: validation and application of a census-based methodology.1998Use of Census-based Aggregate Variables to Proxy for Socioeconomic Group: Evidence from National Samples 1997Mortality Effects of Community Socioeconomic Status 1997Ethnicity and Mortality in the United States: Individual and Community Correlates 1998Neighborhood Social Context and Racial Differences in Women's Heart Disease Mortality 1998Phantom of the area: poverty-area residence and mortality in the United States.1996On the Validity of Using Census Geocode Characteristics to Proxy Individual Socioeconomic Characteristics

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