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BACKGROUND: Few studies were conducted on hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) risk factors among Chinese blood donors in recent years since voluntary donors replaced commercial donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A case-control survey was conducted in HBV- or HCV-positive and -negative donors from five blood centers in China between September 2009 and April 2011. Case status was defined by having a reactive result on Monolisa HBsAg Ultra (Bio-Rad) for HBV and Ortho anti-HCV EIA 3.0 (Johnson & Johnson) for HCV. Controls were randomly selected qualified blood donors matched to cases by donation month and blood center. Specific test-seeking, medical-related, and behavioral risk factors were compared by HBV and HCV status using chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: A total of 364 HBV cases, 174 HCV cases, and 689 controls completed the survey; response rates were 66.2, 47.3, and 82%, respectively. HCV-positive donors were significantly more likely to report having a blood transfusion history (23.4% vs. 3.0%, p < 0.0001) and ever living with a person with illegal drug injection (6.0% vs. 0.5%, p < 0.0001) than controls. Having intravenous and intramuscular injections in the past 12 months and ever having a tattoo are marginal risk factors for HCV (p values < 0.01). No specific risk factor for HBV was identified. CONCLUSION: History of previous transfusion and living with illegal drug users are risk factors for HCV infection among Chinese blood donors from five regions. Test-seeking behavior is not associated with HBV or HCV infections.
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