Foundations of Psychological Testing: A Practical Approach

Abstract

Preface Our Mission Learning Strategies Organization of Material Final Thoughts Acknowledgments SECTION I: OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING Chapter 1: What are Psychological Tests? Why Should You Care About Psychological Testing? What Are Psychological Tests? The History of Psychological Testing Testing Today The Defining Characteristics of Psychological Tests Assumptions of Psychological Tests Test Classification Methods Psychological Assessment, Psychological Tests, Measurements, and Surveys Locating Information About Tests Chapter Summary Chapter 2: Why is Psychological Testing Important? The Importance of Psychological Testing Who Uses Psychological Tests and for What Reasons? The Social and Legal Implications of Psychological Testing Chapter Summary Chapter 3: Is There a Right or Wrong Way to Use Psychological Tests? Ethical Standards for Psychological Testing Appropriate Use of Psychological Tests Testing Special Populations Chapter Summary Chapter 4: How Does Computerized Testing Work? Computerized Testing Computerized Adaptive Testing Web-Based Assessment Implications for the Future Chapter Summary SECTION II: PSYCHOMETRIC PRINCIPLES Chapter 5: How Do Test Users Interpret Test Scores? Levels of Measurement Procedures for Interpreting Test Scores Standard Scores The Role of Norms Chapter Summary Chapter 6: What is Test Reliability? What is Reliability? Three Types of Reliability Classical Test Theory The Reliability Coefficient Using Computer Software to Calculate Reliability Interpreting Reliability Coefficients Factors That Influence Reliability Generalizability Theory Chapter Summary Chapter 7: What is Validity, Specifically Content Validity? Different Sources of Evidence for Validity The Appropriate Use of Various Validation Strategies Content Validity Face Validity Chapter Summary Chapter 8: Can Tests Really Predict Future Behavior? What Is Criterion-Related Validity? Methods for Determining Criterion-Related Validity Selecting a Criterion Does the Criterion Measure What It Is Suppose to Measure? Calculating and Evaluating Validity Coefficients Using Validity Information to Make Predictions Ethical Issues Associated With Test Validation Chapter Summary Chapter 9: What Is Construct Validity? Construct Validity? Gathering Evidence of Construct Validity Factor Analysis Chapter Summary SECTION III: DEVELOPING AND PILOTING SURVEYS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS Chapter 10: How Do We Construct, Administer, and Use Survey Data? What Are Surveys? Knowledge Acquisition and the Scientific Method The Survey Research Method Survey Reliability and Validity Chapter Summary Chapter 11: How Do You Develop a Test? Why Develop a New Test? Defining the Testing Universe, Audience, and Purpose Developing a Test Plan Composing the Test Items Writing Effective Items Writing the Instructions for the New Test Chapter Summary Chapter 12: How Do You Know When a Test Works? The Pilot Test Quantitative Item Analysis Qualitative Item Analysis Revising the Test Conducting the Validation Study Developing Norms and Identifying Cut Scores Developing the Test Manual Chapter Summary SECTION IV: USING TESTS IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS Chapter 13: How Are Tests Used in Educational Settings? Decision Making in the Educational Setting Educators as Test Users Psychological Test Use in Educational Settings Norm-Referenced, Criterion-Referenced, and Authentic Assessment of Achievement Chapter Summary Chapter 14: How Are Tests Used in Clinical and Counseling Settings? Models of Psychological Assessment Tests Used for Diagnosis and Intervention Neuropsychological Tests Specialized Tests for Clinical Disorders Chapter Summary Chapter 15: How Do Organizations Use Psychological Tests? A Short History of Employment Testing Preemployment Testing Performance Appraisal Chapter Summary APPENDIX A: Guidelines For Critiquing A Psychological Test APPENDIX B: Ethical Standards for Assessment APPENDIX C: Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education APPENDIX D: Table of Critical Values for Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients GLOSSARY REFERENCES Author Index Subject Index About the Authors

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