This chapter reviews the literature on mindfulness in sport performance, while attempting to explore possible points of integration between two conceptualizations of mindfulness: Ellen Langer's social psychology-based definition, and the definition of mindfulness that is rooted in Eastern philosophy and has been popularized by author like Jon Kabat-Zinn. Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE) and other mindfulness-based interventions designed specifically for athletes are discussed. In addition, an overview of the research examining the associations between mindfulness and important sport performance-related topics is presented, including flow, attention, affect, and physiological factors. Although most existing research has utilized the Eastern perspective, a particular focus is given to the empirical and theoretical connections between sport performance and Langer's conceptualization of mindfulness. These two ideas of mindfulness may complement each other, and future mindfulness-based interventions for athletes may be improved by attempting to integrate them.
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