Teaching Basic First-Aid Skills against Home Accidents to Children with Autism through Video Modeling.

Abstract

AbstractIt is known that children with DD can learn skills and use whenever needed. Applying skills was taught to three inclusion students with autism through first-aid skills training package. In the study multiple probe design with probe trials across behaviors was used. The findings indicated that skills training package was effective and the subjects maintained and generalized their acquired skills to the cuts, abrasions, and minor burns on their own or researcher's different parts of body and to different materials. Social validity data that was collected through social comparison revealed that the subjects could not accomplish these target behaviors before the intervention but their peers with normal development could accomplish these skills at 78% level.Key WordsBasic First-Aid Skills, Safety Skills, Home Accidents, Video Modeling, Children with Autism.The longest term objective of the education of individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) is to teach them the skills which are essential for them to live as a part of the society as independent as possible. Individuals with DD have difficulties in giving information to their parents about the negative events that they face and have limitations in judging the dangerous situations and escaping or avoiding these situations (Mazzucchelli, 2001; Mechling, 2008). If those skills are not a part of teaching plans of individuals with DD, safety risks may increase in the daily lives of those people (Collins, Wolery, & Gast, 1991; Hoch, Taylor, & Rodriguez, 2009; Mechling; Taber, Alberto, Seltzer, & Hughes, 2003). For this reason, it is very important for individuals with DD to be taught to be aware of safe and unsafe situations via their teaching programs (Mechling).Safety skills are important for the individuals with DD be independent in the community, live safely in their daily lives, work in jobs safely, and be a part of the community activities (Taber et al., 2003; Timko & Sainato, 1999). Safety skills can be grouped into two groups: skills needed at home and skills needed in the community environments (Bambara, Browder, & Koger, 2006; Zager & Shamow, 2005). Although these skills are very important less than half of the teachers in the United States of America mentioned that they took safety skills as a part of their teaching programs for the individuals with DD (Carruth et al., 2010). Observations in Turkish schools revealed that although teaching safety skills is a part of the program for children with DD, they are either not taken as teaching objectives by the teachers or these skills are trying to be taught without practices in the class. For individuals with DD, safety skills are as important as motor, communication, academic and social skills. Hence, it is crucial for these students to teach safety skills as a part of their IEPs (Collins et al., 1991). Besides, including targets of safety skills into their IEPs and teaching these skills to children with DD in the early years will help these children be aware of safe and unsafe situations and taking care of themselves during these situations (Timko & Sainato).Basic skills are included in the home safety skills. First-aid skills can be conducted for cuts, abrasions, minor burns, minor wounds, insect bites, choking, sun burns, putting unfamiliar things into the nose or ear, fractures or dislocations, etc. (Demir, Bingol, & Karagoz, 2005). Basic skills are one of the community survival skills (Christensen, Marchand-Martella, Martella, Fiechtl, & Christensen, 1993; Collins et al., 1991).Since primary school students are the ones who face the most injuries and accidents both in their school and daily lives, teaching safety skills and especially skills are very essential for this age group of children with DD (Christensen et al., 1993; Mechling, 2008).When the literature is reviewed, it can be seen that research studies regarding teaching basic skills to individuals with DD were conducted between the years of 1989 and 1999. …

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