Abstract Children in diverse families often have divergent life courses from children reared in other family forms. Diverse families, unlike first‐marriage nuclear families, often are not formed by marriage, and when they are, the marriage may not be the first for at least one of the adults. Children in diverse families may be genetically related to only one parent or to neither parent. Diverse families may include more than two adults who serve in parental roles, or only one adult, not always a genetic parent, may be rearing children. Legal connections between parents and children, like genetic bonds, vary widely in diverse families. In this chapter we examine several types of diverse families as environmental contexts within which children develop: Families headed by unmarried and cohabiting parents, children who have had a parent die or whose parents have divorced, stepfamilies, families headed by gay and lesbian individuals, grandfamilies (grandparents raising grandchildren), and parents who utilized assisted reproductive technologies (ART). These categories are not homogeneous, so when feasible, we examine the state of the scholarship within subcategories of these larger family types.
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