Schools as Learning Communities: A Vision for Organic School Reform.

Abstract

A person-process-context ecological systems model (Bronfenbrenner, 1992) provided an organizing framework for examining student and parental perceptions of school safety among national samples of both adolescents and their parents. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model with paths between demographic characteristics, school processes, adolescents’ relationships with others, and both adolescent and parental perceptions of school safety. The models were estimated separately by gender and by ethnic/racial group. An acceptable fit was found for the model overall. Overall, adolescent age, SES, and neighborhood predicted school characteristics of school climate, substance abuse among students, and teacher knowledge of students. School characteristics predicted parental involvement in schools, peers’ educational expectations, exposure to delinquent peers, and number of caring adult role models available to the adolescents, which, in turn, each predicted perceptions of school safety. No gender differences were evident. At least two indices indicated an acceptable fit for the model for each ethnic/racial group. Some racial/ethnic differences were found in the paths within the model. the school community journal

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