Pronunciation and World Englishes

Abstract

Pronunciation has frequently received a lot of attention in observation, analysis, and pedagogy, perhaps because it is an immediately noticeable and salient language feature. The world Englishes replacement for the constructs native and non-native has been, since 1985, the Three Circles model first presented by Kachru. The Inner-Circle English-using countries are those in which English, chronologically speaking, was first the primary language of majority populations of users for virtually all private and public functions. The Outer Circle comprises “transplanted English in new linguistic, cultural and social contexts”. In the Expanding Circle, exhaustive listing of countries becomes problematic if not all but impossible. The worlds’ Englishes have evolved their distinctive pronunciations under sociolinguistic conditions which may affect any language's development. Speakers seek to make their speech appropriate and effective to as wide a variety of other users, while maintaining their own ethnic, national, regional, and personal identities.

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