ANCIENT EGYPTIAN BLACK‐PATINATED COPPER ALLOYS*

Salih Younis Darweesh

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Ancient Egypt and Archaeology Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts

Abstract

This analytical study aims to investigate ancient Egyptian black‐patinated copper alloys. The study group was selected from the collections of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and from the Faculty of Archaeology Museum in Cairo University. Examination and analysis were undertaken using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analysis results indicated that the black patina contained mainly tenorite (CuO). The study presents evidence of thermal patination and animal glue coating.

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References

2000Ancient Egyptian materials and technology 2000Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science 1998Morphology and mechanisms of formation of natural patinas on archaeological Cu–Sn alloys 2001The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt 1985Historic uses of copper compounds in medicine 1987The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects 2006Large scale investigation of chemical composition, structure and corrosion mechanism of bronze archeological artefacts from Mediterranean basin 1996Symbol and Magic in Egyptian Art

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2018A Case Study of Copper-Arsenic Ewer from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, Egypt 2017A Better Shade of Black: Effects of Manufacturing Parameters on the Development of Ancient Black Bronzes*2015Artificial patination in Early Iron Age Europe: an analytical case study of a unique bronze artefact 2025The Metals’ Family Tree and their Separate Branches: an Experiential Journey

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