Aşure Günü, Tarihsel Boyutu ve Osmanlı Dini Hayatındaki Yeri Üzerine Düşünceler

Abstract

Ashura Day, Some Toughts on Its Historical Dimension and Its Place in OttonunReligious Life.Ashura is the tenth day of Muharram, the first month of the Mu~lim calendar.Its general significance as a fast day for Muslims derivers from the rites of the Je"ıish Yom Kippur.Scholars are not agreed as to the exaet day on which 'Ashura' was observed in early Islam.Early hadith tradition seems to indicate that the day possessed special sanetity in Arab society even before Islam.Thus the Jewish rite, which the Prophet observed in Medina in 622 CE, only helped an a1ready established Arab tradirion to acquire religious content and hence greater prestige.The Jewish chatacter was soon obscured, however, through its incorporation into the Muslim calendar and its observance as a Muslim fast day.With tbe institution of the fast of Ramadan in the second ~ar of the Hijrah, 'Ashura' becarne a voluntary fast.For over thiıteen centuries the Shi'i community has observed the day of 'Ashura' as a day of mourning.on the tenth of Muharram 61 AH (10 Oetober 680) Husayn ibn Ali, feU in the banle on the plain of Karbala.The events leading to Hıısayn's death, which were subsequently elaborated and greatly embellished, helped to heighten the drama of suffering and marryrdomDuring Umayyad nıIe (680-750) the 'Ashura' cult grew in secret.But under the Abbasids (750-1258), who carne to power on the wave of pro-Alid revolts, it was encouraged, and by the beginning of the fourth century public commemorations were marked bya professional moumer, who chanted elegies and !ed the faithful in the diIte for the marcyred imam and his foUowers.In 962, under the patronage of the Buyids (932-1055), 'Ashura' was declared a day of public mourning in Baghdad.Processions filled the streets, markets were closed, and shops were draped in bI.ıck.Special edifices called 'Husayniy.ıt'were built to house the 'Ashura' celcbration.Ashura had been aday which was ce1ebrated with joy or mourning in accordance with the seeterian idendities of muslims in the Octoman period as it bad been throughout history.keywords Ashura, Karbala, Hıısayn ıbn Ali, Octoman Religious Life SunuşBilindiği gibi hemen her toplumda gerek örti gerekse dmı yönlerden önemli sayılan günler, geceler ve aylar vardır.Bu zaman dilimlerinde, meydana geldiği varsayılan ya da gerçekten meydana gelmiş olan bir takım olaylar sebebiyle çeşitli törenler, kutlamalar veya yas törenleri yapılagelmiştir.Dayandıklan olayların ve sebeplerin tarihi realitelere uygunluklan tam olarak tespit edilemeyip tartışılsa da, bu tür zaman dilimlerinin toplumların hayatında önemli

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