The Role of Pattern-Welding in Historical Swords-Mechanical Testing of Materials Used in Their Manufacture

Abstract

Pattern-welding is a well-known technique that was widely employed in the manufacture of swords. While the decorative effect of genuine pattern-welding (employing phosphoric iron) is indisputable, to date its reinforcing effect is rather unclear. In order to understand this issue better, wrought iron, phosphoric iron, steel and various pattern-welded samples were prepared and mechanically tested, and the results obtained are discussed in detail. Both the mechanical testing and the long-term metallographic investigation of medieval swords suggest that pattern-welding does not have any significant positive effect on the mechanical properties of swords and we should consider it a primarily decorative technique.

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