Educational Leadership and Planning for Technology

Abstract

SECTION I Basic Concepts and Foundations 1 Introduction to Technology and Planning Purpose The Potential in Primary and Secondary Schools The Beginning Years Steady Progress in Administrative Systems Instructional Systems Show Promise The Need for Planning The Systems Approach Organization Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 2 Basic Concepts of Planning Planning Fundamentals Schools as Social Systems Evaluating the Bottom Line: The Social Process and Rational Models Common Elements of Educational Planning Comprehensiveness Collaboration Commitment Continuity Planning for Technology Taking a Positive Attitude to Evaluation Administrative and Instructional Applications Planning for Administrative Applications Planning for Instructional Applications Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 3 Technology, Learning, and Equity Issues Technocentric Education When Should Computer Education Begin? Special Education Gender Issues Digital Divide Issues Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References SECTION II Technology in Action 4 Technology for School Leadership Knowledge Is Power The Age of Knowledge Databases Electronic Spreadsheets Office Automation Specialized Administrative Applications Integrating It All Together: Data-Driven Decision Making Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 5 Wisdom and Data-Driven Decision Making Defining Data-Driven Decision Making Information Infrastructure Hardware for Effective Data Management and Access Software for Data Management and Analysis People, Decision Making, and the Social Nature of Information The Data Analyst Data-Driven Decision Making Applications School Enrollment Projections Improving Teaching and Learning The Anatomy of a Survey Evaluation and Nurturing the Process Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 6. Technology in Instruction Instructional Computing: A New Beginning Instructional Computing: Some History A Brief Review of the Research Defining Technology's Role: A Touch of Philosophy Classification Systems and Definitions of Terms Instructional Software Tools Instructional Basic Technology Tools Word Processing and Desktop Publishing Spreadsheets Databases Electronic Encyclopedias and Reference Works Specialized Tools and Probeware Electronic Textbooks (EBooks) Learning Tools Drill and Practice Tutorials Simulations Instructional Gaming, Problem Solvingand MUVEs Programming and Authoring Tools Programs High-Level Programming Languages Authoring Languages Integrated Learning Systems Multimedia: A Brief Word Data Communications Curriculum Integration and Planning Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 7 Multimedia in Education Multimedia Defined Multimedia for Multiple Intelligences Multimedia Literacy Multimedia Technology Five Levels of Digital Media The Evolution of Video Technology Videocassette Analog Videodisc Technology Digital Versatile Disc Technology Multimedia Software Authoring Image, Video, and Sound Editing Digital Animation Multimedia for Teaching and Learning Multimedia Resources and Copyrights Media Distribution Systems - Whiteboards Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 8 Data Communications, the Internet, and Educational Applications Data Communications in the Schools The Internet A Brief History The Internet Today The Future of the Internet The World Wide Web Protocols and Client Servers Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Web Browsers and Search Engines Commercial Online Services Applications on the Internet Multimedia and the Web Designing Multimedia for Web-Based Learning Desktop Videoconferencing The Internet and Education Global E-Mail Information Navigation Creating Web Sites Blogging on the Web Course Management Software (CMS) The Internet and Distance Learning Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 9 Distance Learning Distance Learning Defined Distance Learning Technologies: An Overview Blended Learning The Extent of Distance Learning in K-12 Education Designing Instructional Materials: A Comparison of Distance Learning Technologies The Interactive Videoconference Asynchronous Learning Using the Internet and World Wide Web Blended Learning Course Distance Learning Providers Distance Learning: Some Issues The Future of K-12 Distance Learning Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References SECTION III Planning and Implementation 10 Hardware and Software Evaluation Decisions, Decisions, Decisions A Look at Hardware A Look at Software Hardware Evaluation Criteria Performance Compatibility Modularity/Expandability Ergonomics Software Availability Vendor Cost Software Evaluation Criteria Efficiency Ease of Use Documentation Hardware Requirements Vendor Cost Issues in Evaluating Hardware Evaluating Hardware for Administrative Applications Evaluating Hardware for Instructional Applications Mainframes and Servers Bulk Purchasing, State Contracts and Life Cycles Issues in Evaluating Software Administrative Software Evaluation Instructional Software Evaluation Open Source Software Software Life Cycles Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 11 People, Technology and Professional Development A Long Way to Go The Professional Development Planning Model Who Learns? Different Alternatives for Different Needs Designing and Implementing Effective Staff Development Programs Hands-On Activities One-on-One Coaching Training the Trainer Teachers Need Equipment, Too! Incentives Evaluation and Review A Continuous Process Resources Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 12 Facilities, Policies and Procedures Getting Bigger Staffing and Administration Central Laboratories Physical Environment Facilities for Administrative Applications Facilities for Instructional Applications Data Communications Facilities and Information Infrastructur Hardware Maintenance Making Repairs Providing Preventive Maintenance Upgrading Software Maintenance and Distribution Policies, Procedures, and Documentation Policies Procedures Documentation Security The Helping Place Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References 13 Financial Planning Technology Can Be Expensive The Cost-Effectiveness of Technology A Time Line for Financial Planning The Budget Worksheet A Budget Modeland Total Cost of Ownership Special Considerations of Budgeting for Computer Applications Opting for Centralized or Decentralized Computer Facilities Hiring a Consultant Standardizing on a Common Vendor Hardware First, Other Needs Later? Choosing a Purchasing Plan Sources of Funds The School District Budget Bond Issues Governmental Entities Gifts and Grants Case Study Summary Key Concepts and Questions Suggested Activities References Epilogue Appendix A Basic Concepts of Computer Technology Appendix B Educational Leader Competencies Appendix C Instructional Software Evaluation Factors Glossary Index

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