A STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRAL JAVANESE GAMELAN MUSIC

Abstract

Widyaswara, a staff notation for vocal music of Central Java that was developed in the second half of the 19th century, gave birth to a somewhat unpopular notation for gamelan compositions called nut rante. But the cipher notation called nut angka, invented towards the end of the 19th century as an innovation of nut rante, became very popular among both professional and amateur musicians. It not only caused changes in performance practice and therefore in the texture of the music itself, but also brought forth new methods of composing. Moreover, it made amateur players' access to gamelan music much easier, though at the same time it impoverished ensemble performance.

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