International Money and Finance

Paul Hallwood · Ronald R. MacDonald · Ronald Macdonald

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Global Financial Crisis and Policies Monetary Policy and Economic Impact Economic Theory and Policy

Abstract

We discuss the effectiveness of pegged exchange rate regimes from an historical perspective, drawing conclusions for their effectiveness today. Starting with the classical gold standard period, we point out that a succession of pegged regimes have ended in failure; except for the first, which was ended by the outbreak of World War I, all of the others we discuss have been ended by adverse economic developments for which the regimes themselves were partly responsible. Prior to World War II the main problem was a shortage of monetary gold that we argue is implicated as a cause of the Great Depression. After World War II, more particularly from the late-1960s, the main problem has been a surfeit of the main international reserve asset, the US dollar. This has led to generalized inflation in the 1970s and into the 1980s. Today, excessive dollar international base money creation is again a problem that could have serious consequences for world economic stability.

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References

1977Rules Rather than Discretion: The Inconsistency of Optimal Plans 1988The Dynamic Effects of Aggregate Demand and Supply Disturbances 1964A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960 1973The world in depression, 1929-1939 1975The World in Depression 1976A Monetary Model of Exchange Market Pressure Applied to the Post-War Canadian Experience 1994Golden fetters: The gold standard and the great depression 1990Lessons from the Great Depression

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