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Adding a return factor based on capital investment into standard, calendar-time factor regressions makes underperformance following seasoned equity offerings largely insignificant and reduces its magnitude by 37-46%.The reason is that issuers invest more than nonissuers matched on size and book-to-market.Moreover, the low-minus-high investment-to-asset factor earns a significant average return of 0.37% per month.Our evidence suggests that the underperformance results from the negative investment-expected return relation, as predicted by Carlson, Fisher, and Giammarino (2005).
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