Everyday eating behavior and menstrual function in young women

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of different types of everyday eating behavior with disturbances of menstrual function. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with two groups, low dietary restraint (n = 13) and high dietary restraint (n = 9), identified with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire by Stunkard and Messick. SETTING: Research clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Normal volunteers (students and young professionals). INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequent serum and urine samples for determination of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and metabolites. Food and behavioral diaries. RESULTS: Eleven of the 13 women with low dietary restraint had menstrual cycles that fulfilled the following standard criteria: Serum E2 maximum of 440 pmol/L or more, P maximum of 19 nmol/L or more, and luteal phase length of 9 days or more. Only 2 of the 9 women with high dietary restraint had cycles that satisfied these criteria. Of the remaining 7, 1 had an anovulatory cycle and 6 had decreased P concentrations (P less than 0.05) and/or a shortened luteal phase (P less than 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: High cognitive restraint in everyday eating behavior may be a risk factor for the development of menstrual disturbance in young women.

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