ADOPTING AN EXTERNAL FOCUS OF ATTENTION FACILITATES MOTOR LEARNING IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

Esmaeel Saemi · Jared Marak Porter · Gabriele Wulf · Sabah Bakhtiari

37 citations0/0 files storedHrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre)

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Sport Psychology and Performance Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Sports and Physical Education Research

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate if children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would show enhanced motor skill learning with instructions to adopt an external focus of attention (i.e. on the movement effect) rather than an internal focus (i.e. on the movements themselves).The task involved throwing tennis balls with the dominant arm at a circular target that was placed on the floor at a distance of three meters.Twenty children with ADHD, ranging in age from 8 to 11 years, were randomly assigned to either an external or internal focus group.Participants performed 180 practice trials with focus instructions and reminders before each block of 30 trials.Learning was assessed 48 hours after practice.The external focus group demonstrated more effective learning than the internal focus group.This finding has implications for applied settings that involve sports or physical activity with children who have ADHD.

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2012Attentional focus and motor learning: a review of 15 years 2001The automaticity of complex motor skill learning as a function of attentional focus 1998Instructions for Motor Learning: Differential Effects of Internal Versus External Focus of Attention 2003Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning 2002Life span motor development 2007Attention and Motor Skill Learning 2002Enhancing the Learning of Sport Skills Through External-Focus Feedback 2010How changing the focus of attention affects performance, kinematics, and electromyography in dart throwing

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2018The Influence of External Focus Instruction Characteristics on Children’s Motor Performance

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