Research in the field of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) has extensively examined potential sources of failure and success. However, despite increasing attention from scholars, only a handful of studies have actually investigated M&A processes. Adopting a process perspective is crucial to unraveling the underlying micro-behavioral foundations of M&A. This paper focuses on why M&As rarely reach their full potential. Specifically, we address these issues by providing an in-depth review of mechanisms contributing to M&A failure and developing a processual framework. We argue that behavioral factors at the individual and organizational levels impede rational and effective decision-making before, during and after an acquisition and suggest that communication climate plays a vital role in facilitating effective integration and may serve as a platform to improve M&A performance.
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