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Summary Purpose of the study The aim of this project is to assess the efficiency and safety of warning tiles for persons who are blind in winter conditions, as well as to determine the effect colors and materials have on tile detection by foot. One of the objectives is to observe if the snow on a darker tile melts faster and if it contributes to a better detection performance and feeling of safety. Methodology Twenty-four participants with no functional vision were involved in the study. The experiment was conducted on an outdoor study site including eight warning tiles. Two different kinds of tiles were used (Armor-tile™ made of polymer and Advantage™ made of stainless steel). Four different colors were used for both tiles: black, dark grey, safety yellow and white. The dimensions of the tiles were 61cm by 122cm. The experiment required specific weather conditions (sunny days, temperatures between 0 and -10° Celsius to create slippery conditions). The participants were asked to walk toward the tile and stop once they detected it with their foot. Three distances (1, 2 and 3 meters) were randomly presented. Tile detectability was measured under 3 conditions: 1) Detection at 61 cm 2) Detection at 76 cm (foot still on the sidewalk) 3) Detection, participant stopping but leading foot overstepped the tile. To assess participants’ detection level of the tile, a questionnaire was completed after each trial. Questions regarding the facility of detection and the feeling of safety at the moment of detection were asked.
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