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This paper presents a study on potentials of old buildings in historical areas of Palembang in accommodating the effort of fire protection environmental system. The historical setting was a riverside development of Musi River. It has a high building density with a declining living quality, this was considered by the municipality as a slump. The crowded condition turns it to be high risk from the fire hazard. The study was begun by exploring the existing conditions of old buildings including their current use and physical characteristics. Then it sorted government policy and perception of people on fire prevention effort through field survey and in-depth interview. Two types of analyses were conducted: architecture and fire protection. In the architectural analysis, it discussed the urban structure, building and landscape, while the fire protection analysis utilized the SWOT analysis, hazard mapping analysis, and evacuation analysis. The results show that some of old urban elements in the slump have potentials to be developed as elements for supporting environmental fire protection system. It also shows that community squares between the old buildings were potential for assembling point or as preparation point for active and passive protections. The study recommends that streets should be widened in order to give access for fire engine or fireman. And, narrow pathways which cannot be the accessed by the fire engine should be redesigned and equipped with fire hydrants. The study also suggests that the squares should be supported by greenery as natural firewall. Finally, the residents in the community must be trained in order to increase their awareness of fire hazards and its procedure to overcome the fire
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