Global Dimensions of Bilingual and Multilingual Education

Abstract

This chapter provides a detailed description and analysis of the language policy framework for the learning and teaching of second and foreign languages in Canada, focusing on the period from the 1960s to the present day. It considers the factors that led to passage of the Official Languages Act of 1969, the move to protect and promote French in Quebec in the 1970s, and the politics that led to passage of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988. There are currently 50 Aboriginal languages spoken by indigenous people in Canada, belonging to 11 major language families. Over the past 100 years, approximately 10 Aboriginal languages in Canada have become extinct. Investing in bilingual programs is one way to slow down or prevent Aboriginal language loss. In Ontario, heritage languages are called “international languages” and they are offered outside regular school hours.

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