The Kenya health system—analysis of the situation and enduring challenges

Abstract

Since 1994, the health sector development agenda has been guided by the Kenya Health Policy Framework Paper (KHPFP) (up to 2010). KHPFP explicitly states the underlying vision for health development and reform to provide “quality health care that is acceptable, affordable and accessible to all.” The government also identified decentralization as the “key management strategy.” The implementation strategy for health policy has been devised in a series of two five-year documents called the National Health Sector Strategic Plan (NHSSP). The first NHSSP covered 1999 to 2004 and the second one covers 2005 through 2010. NHSSP-II emphasizes the need to better coordinate health activities across the country and adopts a Sector Wide Approach (SWAp). The SWAp brings together all stakeholders (the government, donors and non-governmental organizations both for-profit and non-profit) on a common platform that supports critical health priorities in a coordinated fashion. In June 2006, a Joint Program of Work and Funding (JPWF) was developed to map the implementation of the SWAp and a group of 17 leading donors, including Japan, developed a Joint Assistance Strategy (for 2007–2012) in 2007. In addition to these policy documents, health sector development is also informed by other macro-economic and structural frameworks, the most important of which are: the mediumterm Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (2000 and 2005), stipulated as part of the lending criteria of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF); and the long-term government policy developed for 2003–2030 known as Kenya Vision 2030: Driving Change in National Development Across Kenya.

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