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Managers' Use of 'Pro Forma' Adjustments to Meet Strategic Earnings Benchmarks
16 references·0 citing·44 second hopsampled
Managers' Use of 'Pro Forma' Adjustments to Meet Strategic Earnings Benchmarks (2007)Managers' Use of 'Pro Forma' Adjustments …Do managers define non-GAAP earnings to meet or beat analyst forecasts? (2013)Do managers define non-GAAP e…SEC Scrutiny and the Evolution of Non-GAAP Reporting (2008)SEC Scrutiny and the Evolutio…Who Trades on Pro Forma Earnings Information? (2007)Who Trades on Pro Forma Earni…SEC interventions and the frequency and usefulness of non-GAAP financial measures (2006)SEC interventions and the fre…Are Investors Influenced by Pro Forma Emphasis and Reconciliations in Earnings Announcements? 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References

  • 2002GAAP versus The Street: An Empirical Assessment of Two Alternative Definitions of Earnings819 cited
  • 2005A Temporal Analysis of Quarterly Earnings Thresholds: Propensities and Valuation Consequences698 cited
  • 2003Assessing the relative informativeness and permanence of pro forma earnings and GAAP operating earnings557 cited
  • 2003The Predictive Value of Expenses Excluded from Pro Forma Earnings533 cited
  • 2004Earnings Informativeness and Strategic Disclosure: An Empirical Examination of “Pro Forma” Earnings456 cited
  • 2005Emphasis on Pro Forma versus GAAP Earnings in Quarterly Press Releases: Determinants, SEC Intervention, and Market Reactions399 cited
  • 2013Do managers define non-GAAP earnings to meet or beat analyst forecasts?382 cited
  • 2006Are Investors Influenced by Pro Forma Emphasis and Reconciliations in Earnings Announcements?356 cited
  • 2004The Effects of Pro Forma Earnings Disclosures on Analysts' and Nonprofessional Investors' Equity Valuation Judgments345 cited
  • 2003Comparing the Value Relevance of Two Operating Income Measures310 cited
  • 2004Analysts’ treatment of nonrecurring items in street earnings305 cited
  • 2008SEC Scrutiny and the Evolution of Non-GAAP Reporting303 cited
  • 2007Who Trades on Pro Forma Earnings Information?261 cited
  • 2006SEC interventions and the frequency and usefulness of non-GAAP financial measures

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207 cited
  • 2004Empirical Evidence on Recent Trends in Pro Forma Reporting184 cited
  • 2005Are Investors Misled by “Pro Forma” Earnings?*152 cited
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