Reference data and geocoding quality

Timothy C. Hart · Paul A. Zandbergen

41 citations0/0 files storedPolicing An International Journal

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Geographic Information Systems Studies Crime Patterns and Interventions Data Quality and Management

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of reference data, input address quality, and crime type on completeness and positional accuracy of street geocoded crime events. Design/methodology/approach Existing data were analyzed using ArcGIS, including crime incident information, street network reference data, and address point and/or parcel reference data. Geocoding completeness was determined by the overall match rate. Positional accuracy was determined by comparing the Euclidian distance between street geocoded locations of crime events to the corresponding address point/parcel geocoded location. Findings Results indicate that match rates vary by reference data, input address quality, and crime type. Local street centerline files consistently produced match rates that were as good as – and in many cases superior to – other types of reference data, including commercial data. Greater variability in positional accuracy was observed across reference data when crime type and input address quality was considered, but results were consistent with positional accuracy analysis conducted using data from other disciplines. Practical implications Results provide researchers and practitioners with valuable guidance and insight into one of the most basic – albeit fundamental – procedures related to the spatio‐temporal analysis of crime, suggesting that reference data required to produce geocoded crime incidents successfully and of high quality does not necessarily mean a large financial investment on the part of law enforcement agencies or researchers interested in the geospatial analysis of crime. Originality/value Prior to this investigation, a comprehensive examination of the impact of data quality on geocoded crime events was absent from the literature.

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References

2004TRAJECTORIES OF CRIME AT PLACES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF STREET SEGMENTS IN THE CITY OF SEATTLE*2005GIS and Crime Mapping 2003Positional error in automated geocoding of residential addresses 2007Modeling the probability distribution of positional errors incurred by residential address geocoding.2008A comparison of address point, parcel and street geocoding techniques 2007From Text to Geographic Coordinates: The Current State of Geocoding 2005Positional Accuracy of Two Methods of Geocoding 2001On the accuracy of TIGER-type geocoded address data in relation to cadastral and census areal units

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