Are Scientific Analogies Metaphors

Dedre Gentner

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Language, Metaphor, and Cognition Science Education and Pedagogy Philosophy and History of Science

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to provide a structural characterization of analogy in science, contrasting good science analogies with literary metaphors and with poorer examples of science analogies. The paper first presents a theoretical approach in which complex metaphors and analogies are treated as structure-mappings between domains. Within this framework, metaphor and analogy are contrasted with literal similarity. Then, a set of distinguishing structural characteristics is proposed and applied in a series of comparisons. To illustrate the points, analogies of historical importance are analyzed. (Author)

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2001Convention, Form, and Figurative Language Processing 1997Analogical Reasoning and Conceptual Change: A Case Study of Johannes Kepler 1987How people construct mental models 1997Alignment in the Processing of Metaphor 1989Learning via Model Construction and Criticism 1988Observed Methods for Generating Analogies in Scientific Problem Solving 2010Computational models of analogy 1988Evidence for Relational Selectivity in the Interpretation of Analogy and Metaphor

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