Household Consequences of High Fertility in Pakistan

Abstract

This paper reviews the theory and evidence on the consequences of high fertility in Pakistan. In addition, several data sets are analyzed to examine the effects the number of children have on school participation and family labor participation in urban Pakistan. Aother data set is utilized to examine the effects that children have on savings in urban and rural areas. Results show that the number of children negatively affects schooling of girls, but not boys. The number of boys and girls in the household have differential effects of women's labor participation while only female children affect adult male's participation. Children 6-15 have negative effects on rural savings, but less effect in urban areas. In general, the effects of high fertility for households in Pakistan seem more negative than many other countries -- which may explain the high proportion of women who say they want no more children. However, why so few of these women use contraceptives is more difficult to explain.

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