EXPLORING THE NATURE OF URBAN TRAFFIC CONGESTION: CONCEPTS, PARAMETERS, THEORIES AND MODELS

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Transportation Planning and Optimization Traffic control and management Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques

Abstract

Contemporary transport planning is focussing on issues of travel demand management (TDM) for environmental, social and economic reasons. A central part of TDM is concerned with the use of congestion management techniques. This paper considers the nature of traffic congestion and develops parametric descriptions of the levels of congestion in an urban road network. It suggests that there are a variety of manifestations of congestion, which may be grouped into two basic classes: point congestion and network congestion. The use of congestion as a TDM control mechanism is examined, including congestion pricing. The input-storage-output routing equation for interrupted traffic flows is taken as the starting point in the development of a theory of traffic congestion, and for mathematical models that examine the effects of congestion. The paper comprises a review of established theories of the build up of congestion, including Rahmann's storage-output system, the Wardtop-Jewell models of traffic assignment, from which a TDM-modelling strategy can be defined. It considers a set of parametric measures of traffic congestion, involving capacity, travel time and delay at the node, link and network levels. (A) For the covering entry of this conference, see IRRD abstract no. 843369.

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1967A statistical theory of spatial distribution models 1976Derivation and analysis of some models for combining trip distribution and assignment 1991Does providing information to drivers reduce traffic congestion?1983The incidence of congestion tolls on urban highways 1987URBAN FREEWAY CONGESTION: QUANTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM AND EFFECTIVENESS OF POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS 1972Flows in Transportation Networks 1991Travel time functions for transport planning purposes: Davidson's function, its time dependent form and alternative travel time function 1978TRAVEL TIME VARIABILITY ON COMMUTER JOURNEYS

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