Articlebronze2010

Gender comparison of psychological reaction after miscarriage—a 1‐year longitudinal study

Grace W.S. Kong · Beatrice P. Y. Lai · Ingrid Hung Lok

72 citations0/0 files storedBJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

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Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum Reproductive Health and Technologies

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To explore men's psychological reaction and its evolutionary course over 1 year after miscarriage, to compare this reaction with that of their female partners and to investigate the possible correlation of psychological states between partners. DESIGN: Prospective 1-year longitudinal observational study. SETTING: A university-affiliated tertiary referral hospital in Hong Kong. Sample Eighty-three miscarrying couples. METHODS: The psychological reactions of miscarrying women and their male partners were assessed immediately and at 3, 6 and 12 months after miscarriage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychological outcomes were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: A substantial proportion of men (43.4%) scored high in GHQ-12 and 16.9% scored high in BDI immediately after miscarriage. In men, both psychometric scores decreased sharply within the first 3 months and reached a plateau. When compared with women, men scored significantly lower in GHQ-12 and BDI during the 1-year course after miscarriage. A planned pregnancy was a significant risk factor (P = 0.008) associated with an initial high BDI score in men. There was a significant positive correlation between couples in both GHQ-12 and BDI scores throughout the longitudinal course. CONCLUSIONS: Although the psychological impact of miscarriage on men was less enduring when compared with that on women, a significant proportion of men demonstrated psychological distress after miscarriage. The significant positive correlation in a couple's psychological reaction indicated that psychological morbidity was not confined only to a woman's own experience, but also affected her relationship with her male partner.

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References

1961An Inventory for Measuring Depression 1988Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation 1976Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads 1997The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care 1977Sex Differences and the Epidemiology of Depression 1990Reliability and factorial structure of the chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory 2007Psychological morbidity following miscarriage 1985The Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire: does language make a difference?

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