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Miss Irene Grootboom was one of a group of 390 adults and 510 \nchildren living in appalling circumstances in Wallacedene, an informal \nhousing settlement in Cape Town. In September 1998, they illegally \noccupied land near the settlement which had been earmarked for lowcost \nhousing. They were forcibly evicted, their shacks bulldozed and \nburnt and their possessions destroyed. \nIn desperation they settled in Wallacedene sports field and in an adjacent \ncommunity hall. The Legal Resources Centre, an NGO based in Cape \nTown, together with other legal activists decided to use their case to test \nthe enforceability of their constitutional right to housing. \nThis chapter uses the Grootboom case to argue that the inauguration \nof formal democracy in 1994 in South Africa has not led to basic \nconstitutional rights being translated into the de facto daily lived \nexperience of ordinary people. It examines some of the factors which \nhelp to explain this failure, drawing attention in particular to the extent \nto which racist attitudes and practices continue to structure the planning \nprocess, making it extremely difficult to implement the Integrated \nDevelopment Planning approach adopted by the state as its primary \nvehicle for delivering services at local level.
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