Are the Foreign Born a Source of Strength for U.S. Science?

Sharon G. Levin · Paula E. Stephan

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Migration and Labor Dynamics Research, Science, and Academia International Science and Diplomacy

Abstract

We investigated whether foreign-born and foreign-educated scientists and engineers are disproportionately represented among individuals making exceptional contributions to science and engineering in the United States. Using six criteria, including election to the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, we found that, in almost all instances, contributors are disproportionately foreign born and foreign educated.

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1990A Penny for Your Quotes: Patent Citations and the Value of Innovations 1926The frequency distribution of scientific productivity 1980Citation Indexing-Its Theory and Application in Science, Technology, and Humanities 1991Direct validation of citation counts as indicators of industrially important patents 1996Proposals That Would Limit Visas Strike Fear at Universities

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