Analytical Instrumental Techniques to Study Archaeological Wood Degradation

Jeannette Jacqueline Łucejko · Francesca Modugno · Erika Ribechini · Diego Tamburini · Maria Perla Colombini

74 citations0/0 files storedApplied Spectroscopy Reviews

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Conservation Techniques and Studies

Abstract

Historically, a very large variety of everyday artifacts were made of wood, which makes them representative of their historical period or social context and valuable for archaeologists and historians. In order to preserve degraded wood and to develop and apply suitable conservation treatments, chemical and physical characterization of archaeological wood is needed. This review provides the reader with a survey on state-of-the-art of instrumental analytical tools available to understand the morphology and the chemical composition of archaeological wood. The focus is on microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and analytical techniques based on pyrolysis, such as direct exposure–mass spectrometry (DE-MS), pyrolysis–mass spectrometry (Py-MS), pyrolysis–gas chromtography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), with emphasis on their respective potentialities and limitations. The advantages of techniques based on synchrotron radiation are also discussed. In addition, the applicability of each examined technique is illustrated and discussed through specific examples from the literature.

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References

2024International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 2002Deterioration of the seventeenth-century warship Vasa by internal formation of sulphuric acid 2012Microbial degradation of waterlogged archaeological wood 2005Sulfur accumulation in the timbers of King Henry VIII's warship Mary Rose : A pathway in the sulfur cycle of conservation concern 2005Direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques to study organic coatings on archaeological amphorae 2006Chemical study of triterpenoid resinous materials in archaeological findings by means of direct exposure electron ionisation mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry 1991Archaeological Wood--Properties, Chemistry, and Preservation 2002High-Resolution Solid-State CPMAS NMR Study of Archaeological Woods

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2016The short-term degradation of cellulosic pulp in lake water and peat soil: A multi-analytical study from the micro to the molecular level 2015Chemical analyses of extremely degraded wood using analytical pyrolysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy 2017A critical evaluation of the degradation state of dry archaeological wood from Egypt by SEM, ATR-FTIR, wet chemical analysis and Py(HMDS)-GC-MS

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