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During the cartographic generalisation process, geographic objects cannot just be considered one by one. The way objects are processed clearly depends on their spatial context. In this paper, we first study the nature of spatial context encountered during map generalisation. We differentiate three kinds of relations that an object can have with its environment: being part of a significant group, being in a particular area, being in relation with 'same-level' surrounding objects. We also address the issue of scaledependency related to spatial context. Then, we study how to represent context-related knowledge in a knowledge-based approach of cartographic generalisation. We discuss several aspects of the representation of objects' spatial context in a geographic data model dedicated to map generalisation: explicit representations of high-level objects, fuzzy representation of objects and relations, multiscale representation of objects and relations, spatialisation of relations. We also study how context appears in the rules expressed by cartographers to describe the generalisation process: it can be used to express exceptions, to classify typical operations to be done, or to express constraints on the final result. RESUME: Pendant le processus de generalisation, on ne peut pas considerer les objets geographiques un a un. Le traitement de ces objets depend clairement de leur contexte spatial. Dans cet article, nous etudions tout d'abord la nature du contexte spatial qui influence la generalisation. Nous differencions trois types principaux de relations qu'un objet peut avoir avec son environnement: faire partie d'un groupe significatif, etre dans une zone particuliere, ou etre en relation avec les objets aspects de meme niveau. Nous abordons egalement un aspect important du contexte spatial: sa dependance au niveau d'analyse. Nous etudions ensuite comment representer les connaissances relatives au contexte spatial dans une approche a base de connaissances de la generalisation. Nous presentons diverses considerations sur ce que necessiterait une representation du contexte spatial dans un modele de donnees adapte a la generalisation: representation explicite d'objets de haut niveau., representation floue d'objets et de relations, representation multiechelle d'objets et de relations, spatialisation des relations. Nous etudions egalement comment la notion de contexte apparait dans les regles de generalisation exprimees par les cartographes: cela peut servir a exprimer des exceptions, a organiser differentes operations typiques a realiser dans differentes configurations, ou a exprimer des contraintes sur le resultat final.
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