Habitação social, habitação de mercado: a confluência entre Estado, empresas construtoras e capital financeiro

Abstract

This thesis contributes to the debate on the dynamics of production and of social housing policy in Brazil.More specifically, it analyses the recent confluence of State, real estate and finance capital that ultimately increased the demand for housing covered by large construction companies and developers and that, at the same time, met a particular fraction of the target public of housing policy.This policy is here understood not only by the institutional structure of housing programs, but within an analytical perspective that emphasizes the point of view and performance of the property market on the policy itself.Its goal is twofold and required specific methodological approaches to each one.On the first hand, I try to understand the processes that led to the exponential growth of a specific type of housing production, promoted by major construction companies and developers that have opened their capital, focused on residential properties with values up to two hundred thousand reais and for a population range with monthly income of up to ten minimum wages.This is the "low-income segment", as considered by the market, or the "social market housing" as I call in this thesis.I used a quantitative research to examine the regulatory and institutional mechanisms promoted by the State since the mid-1990s, and also the attempts to close the gap between the construction companies and developers and capital market from the 2000s.On the other hand, I try to understand how this type of production operates from an ethnographic study of a company, that I have called "Empresa Construtora Pesquisada" (ECP), taken as a heuristic object of the confluence between the State, real estate and financial capital.Between 2006 and 2008, this company was able to increase eight times the standardized production of housing units and thirteen times the value of its profits.Therefore, its production has a differential that I sought to apprehend from the working on the construction site to its relations with the State and finance capital, including the role of architecture and technology.

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