COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION: APPLICATION WITH EXCEPTIONAL STUDENTS

1982-10-01articleFocus on Exceptional Children140 citationshybrid

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Behavioral and Psychological Studies Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology Psychological Treatments and Assessments

Abstract

When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said, "it means just what I choose it to mean -neither more nor less.""The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things.""The question is, " said Humpty Dumpty, "which is to be the master -thats all."Lewis Carroll Through The Looking GlassInterest in the application of cognitive-behavioral interventions with exceptional students is increasing among both researchers and practitioners.Cognitive-behavioral models for teaching and learning represent an integrated, eclectic approach influenced by behaviorism, social-learning theory, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and instructional theory (Craighead, Wilcoxon-Craighead, & Meyers, 1978; Mahoney, 1977a).Teachers of exceptional children have received training in these areas, and many report the use of an eclectic approach -choosing and combining what appears to be the best from diverse sources.Kendall and Hollon (1979), however, have noted the dangers of unguided, unselective eclecticism and the need for empirical support.Research on a variety of cognitive-behavioral interventions, collectively labeled cognitive-behavior modification .(CBM),helps to provide both the guidance and empirical support needed. ORIGINS, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEFINITIONThe origins and development of CBM present a complex picture.Trends in the field of behavior modification, including development of social-learning theory and research on self-regulation, are discussed first.Contributions from the areas of cognitive psychology, private speech, and instruction are then noted. Behavior ModificationBehaviorists have traditionally explained human behavior through environmental antecedents and consequences, limiting research and procedures to readily observable

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