Negation and Negative Polarity Items

Abstract

Negation in Korean is essentially only expressed through negation of a verb, either by a preverbal adverb-like negator, or in a postverbal construction involving a negative verb. The most salient negative form is ani ‘no,’ ‘not,’ which also has the form an when expressing negation in a clause. Korean has another negator with a distribution somewhat parallel to an(i), namely mos, meaning ‘cannot.’ Every verb in Korean has ‘Long-Form Negation’, in which the verb to be negated is suffixed with the marker -ci and becomes the syntactic complement of the negative verb anh- or mos ha-, as indicated by the boldface parts of the forms. Many verbs also allow ‘Short-Form Negation’, in which the verb to be negated is immediately preceded by an adverb-like element an or mos; but not all verbs allow Short-Form Negation, the co-occurrence possibilities being largely determined by the phonological or morphological structure of the verb.

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