Article2004

Tai Chi and Self‐Rated Quality of Sleep and Daytime Sleepiness in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fuzhong Li · K. John Fisher · Peter Harmer · Dainis Irbe · Robert G. Tearse · Cheryl Weimer

368 citations0/0 files storedJournal of the American Geriatrics Society

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of tai chi on self-rated sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in older adults reporting moderate sleep complaints. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial with allocation to tai chi or exercise control. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eighteen women and men aged 60 to 92. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized into tai chi or low-impact exercise and participated in a 60-minute session, three times per week, for 24 consecutive weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome measures were the seven subscales of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), PSQI global score, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Secondary outcome measures were physical performance (single leg stand, timed chair rise, 50-foot speed walk) and 12-item short form (SF-12) physical and mental summary scores. RESULTS: Tai chi participants reported significant improvements in five of the PSQI subscale scores (sleep quality, sleep-onset latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances) (P<.01), PSQI global score (P=.001), and ESS scores (P=.002) in comparison with the low-impact exercise participants. Tai chi participants reported sleep-onset latency of about 18 minutes less per night (95% confidence interval (CI)=-28.64 to -7.12) and sleep duration of about 48 minutes more per night (95% CI=14.71-82.41) than low-impact exercise participants. Tai chi participants also showed better scores in secondary outcome measures than low-impact exercise participants. Both groups reported improvements in SF-12 mental summary scores. CONCLUSION: Older adults with moderate sleep complaints can improve self-rated sleep quality through a 6-month, low- to moderate-intensity tai chi program. Tai chi appears to be effective as a nonpharmacological approach to sleep enhancement for sleep-disturbed elderly individuals.

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References

1991A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale 1994Screening for Depression in Well Older Adults: Evaluation of a Short Form of the CES-D 1994Screening for depression in well older adults: evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale).1989Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?1989Epidemiologic Study of Sleep Disturbances and Psychiatric Disorders 2000Daytime Sleepiness Predicts Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults 1992Efficacy of Tai Chi, brisk walking, meditation, and reading in reducing mental and emotional stress 1997Moderate-Intensity Exercise and Self-rated Quality of Sleep in Older Adults

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