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BACKGROUND: A general assumption in some of the literature and in popular discussion is that AIDS-related mortality results in severe labor constraints and increased poverty rates and land scarcity among affected households.The subsequent implication of these assumptions is that HIV/AIDS mitigation policy should prioritize technology and assistance targeted to affected households: agricultural labor-saving technologies and food aid.Yet there is surprisingly little empirical research to date which can confirm whether this scenario is generally representative of affected households, and how affected household behavior and welfare compare with the non-affected household population.It is not clear that these suggested mitigation policies are appropriate for a majority of affected households and more feasible or desirable relative to alternative investments.In particular, it is also important to seek empirical information to establish the potential for effective food aid targeting in areas of high HIV incidence, while also minimizing negative overall rural income and productivity growth effects.OBJECTIVES: This paper synthesizes across the results of a set of country studies on the effects of prime-age adult mortality on rural households in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Zambia, each of which is based on large representative rural household survey sets (Table 1). 1 These findings have implications for the design of efforts to mitigate some of the most important effects of rural adult mortality, and for key development policies and priorities.
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