THE ROLE OF LOW-COST HOUSING IN THE PATH FROM VULNERABILITY TO RESILIENCE

Mahmood Fayazi · Gonzalo Lizarralde

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Earthquake and Disaster Impact Studies Disaster Management and Resilience Urban and Rural Development Challenges

Abstract

It is well known that low-cost housing not only reflects, but also greatly influences the vulnerability of a community. This means that post-disaster housing programs can improve the living conditions of affected families or make them even more vulnerable. However, it is still unclear how different post-disaster housing strategies enhance community resilience. This article seeks to bridge the theoretical gap that exists between vulnerability and resilience theories and to clarify how post-disaster housing programs can potentially enhance community resilience. Four different housing strategies used after the 2003 earthquake in Bam, Iran, illustrate the role of housing in the path that can potentially lead communities from a vulnerable state to resilience. These strategies include: (A) Prefabricated units built on temporary camps located in the city and in the outskirts and developed by the central government, (B) Masonry units built by a public stakeholder on the yards of destroyed houses (C) Prefabricated units built by the central government in partnership with a private firm and located in the yards of destroyed houses, and (D) Hightech imported units built on the outskirts of the city. Analysing these strategies through the lens of a new framework based on a systems approach permits to identify the different impacts of post-disaster housing programs. Whereas strategies A, C and D had negative consequences in various sub-systems of the affected community, strategy B positively enhanced community resilience. The findings of the study provide insightful information that can help architects and decision makers identify the appropriate housing strategy to be implemented after disasters.

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References

1984Case Study Research: Design and Methods 2004Case Study Research 2003Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards *2007Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness 2008A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters 2005Social-Ecological Resilience to Coastal Disasters 1996Vulnerability to environmental hazards 2005The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation

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2018The Impact of Post-disaster Housing Reconstruction Policies on Different Beneficiary Groups: The Case of Bam, Iran 2020A Decision Methodology for Determining Suitable Post-Disaster Accommodations: Reconsidering Effective Indicators for Decision-making Processes 2018Innovative approaches to building housing system resilience: a focus on the Australian social and affordable housing system

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